Pairwise comparison of Dest among V. destructor variants infesting A. cerana and A. mellifera colonies revealed significant differences after correction for multiple comparisons (Table 4). The Dest values among V. destructor K variants infesting A. cerana were moderate to high, ranging between 0.18 and 0.63. The estimates among V. destructor K and C variants infesting A. cerana and the variant infesting A. mellifera were higher overall, ranging between 0.60 and 0.89. J2-1 showed the highest pairwise Dest values when combined with most variants. 91).
est analysis among V. destructor variants infesting A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies. Cell background color from blue to red correlates with increasing Dest estimate values. *** P < 0.001
Mites accumulated out-of An excellent. cerana in the Hangzhou part and you will used experimentally to help you infest staff and drone brood tissues away from one another machine varieties belonged to variations K1-1/2, K1-step 3, K1-5, K1-six, and you can K1-seven. New estimated level of variants in this field are eight, that have a beneficial 95% confidence interval out-of (6.step one, 19.6) to your a few richness estimators computed (for info, look for Dining table S8). Most foundresses was in fact fertile (81–100%, indicate ± s.d = 92.step one ± eight.8%) when put on A. cerana drone brood, but just a third of those attained reproductive achievement (we.elizabeth., produced a minumum of one mated child) (Fig. 6). One out of 100 and two regarding 119 recreated on almost every other brood brands, i.elizabeth., into the staff member brood of A. cerana and Good. mellifera, respectively. One about three mites lead a viable child (Fig. 6a). The fresh haplotype of these around three people are defined as K1-1/2, and you may microsatellite research indicated that such mites belonged on invasive mite society infesting A. mellifera (Figs. 4, 5).
Part of Varroa destructor foundress mites rather than sufficient reason for reproductive triumph after experimental infestation off an employee and you will b drone brood from Apis cerana and you may Apis mellifera. The original host species of mites built-up to have fresh infestation and you can brand new servers varieties experimentally infested is expressed to the left of the fresh taverns. Amount of people and you may territories plagued is indicated on the right
Most mites (58–84%, mean ± s.d = 68.six ± twelve.2%) collected into the A great. mellifera colonies have been fertile whenever wear brood out-of one another server variety and you may both sexes, with anywhere between twenty-five and you may forty% gaining reproductive profits (Fig. 6). One or two mites compiled regarding A. mellifera was basically identified as K1-5 variants (Figs. cuatro, 5). These types of mites don’t duplicate (Fig. 6a). The 5 mites included in a keen atypical server were omitted out-of christianmingle PЕ™ihlГЎsit se the latest dataset to have modeling reproductive victory.
Absence versus density out of reproductive achievement are most useful modeled when including elements of your brand-new servers types and you will server varieties towards that the mites was in fact experimentally lead. One another factors influenced reproductive inability rather (Desk S9). In the event that communications between such facts try sensed, the newest reproductive popularity of A great. cerana mites are reduced regular when infesting one another servers opposed to help you Good. mellifera mites (Desk S9). The possibilities of winning reproduction off A good. mellifera mites was straight down towards A beneficial. mellifera than simply on the brand new server, An excellent. cerana. In the A good. cerana mites, success was unlikely with the A. mellifera machines than simply on An effective. cerana hosts. About merely times where reproductive profits try achieved (of the mites via A good. mellifera in every kinds of brood and by Good. cerana mites in the A beneficial. cerana drone brood), the fresh proportion out-of foundresses achieving success try best modeled because of the foundation out-of machine variety infested. A dramatically higher ratio regarding mites attained success from inside the A good. mellifera servers versus A. cerana computers.